World Congress on Organ Transplantation and Artificial Organs August 24-25, 2018 Tokyo , Japan

Biography:

Chris Elliott is a Fellow of the UK Royal Academy of Engineering and a Barrister (trial lawyer) specializing in regulated technology. He has wide experience of the development of leading-edge technological products and their regulatory approval. For the last 7 years, he has specialized in the innovative measurement of blood pressure and the clinical exploitation of the results.

Abstract:

For many patients’ hypertension is asymptomatic, often called the silent killer. Early detection and treatment can massively reduce mortality but need accurate measurement. For most people that is not possible, either because they cannot visit a medical practitioner or, even if they could, their consultations are hurried and rare with little time for a proper measurement of resting BP. Emerging technologies can change this. BP measurement using sensors and software built in to the ubiquitous smartphone can be medically accurate and free to the user. When coupled with telehealth consultations, it opens up a new vision of hypertension management. When used with other sensors already in the smartphone, the diagnosis extends to cardiac volume, arrhythmias, single-lead ECG and heart valve timing. The author’s company is conducting clinical trials of a device that is small enough and cheap enough to be bundled with every smartphone, so opening up the prospect of 1 billion people per year gaining this capability at no direct cost, just as the camera in the phone imposes no direct cost. All of the measurements meet accepted accuracy standards because they use mature techniques like Riva-Rocci but with no cuff for blood pressure, infrared detection for body temperature, pulse oximetry for blood oxygen and others. The device is already in quantity production and is expected to be widely available in 2019. LMD’s sensor delivers actionable and reliable data to the user and clinician and has the potential to change hypertension management globally.

Biography:

Pushpanjali Swain is currently a Professor and Head of the Department of Statistics and Demography, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India. She was a WHO Fellow of Biostatistics and Epidemiology in 2007. She has contributed 25 research papers which were published in different journals at national and international level. She had monitored various large-scale surveys like District Level Household Surveys (DLHS) and Coverage Evaluation Survey (CES) of UNICEF of the country as a nodal person, monitoring of Annual Sentinel Surveillance for HIV Infection in India and coordinated the Integrated Behavioral and Biological Surveillance (IBBS) in the states of Rajasthan and Delhi in India

Abstract:

The objective of the study is to highlight the major contribution made by Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) to achieve the national targets of IMR, MMR and TFR through an innovative approach called mother and child tracking system in India and critically reviewed the achievements and shortcomings. India is a vast country with population of 125 crores having a large workforce about 2 lakhs of ANMs to take care of its women in the reproductive age group and children up to five years of age. ANM has been pillar to the India’s public health system to provide basic medical care to huge rural population in an extensive network of PHCs and health sub centres. It has been a concern of Government of India to reduce maternal deaths, infant and child mortality in the country. Also, India being signatory to MDGs and SDGs, various intervention strategy has been adopted like Nation Rural Health Mission in 2005. Under the mission large group of activists were identified and created at village level of 1000 population named ASHA to assist and support to ANMs. ANMs got the helping hand in terms of identifying pregnant women and infant and children in the village. For better planning and monitoring of the program an innovation project was launched in 2009 to track and plan for pregnant mothers and children through a web-based Mother and Child Tracking System (MCTS) to speed up the reduction of deaths of pregnant mothers and child deaths in the country. The study is descriptive in nature and used secondary data sources i.e. HMIS, rural health statistics, national health profile, sample registration system and national family health survey, etc. The data was analyzed for the period after implementation of MCTS and prior to the period of no MCTS to compare the speed of reduction of IMR and MMR. Studies show that awareness level of women in rural areas is low to avail services during pregnancy. MCTS is very much ANM centric. ANMs register all pregnant women and children below 5 years through MCTS and receive registration numbers. ANM gets the work plan weekly within her catchment areas so that she would know who are due for ANCs, delivery, post-natal care and immunization services. Once the due services given to pregnant mothers and children, the update of information was done in the portal. This process helped ANMs to update service. Analysis shows that there is an improvement of coverage of ANC, institutional delivery and immunization to infants and identification and addressing the prenatal and postnatal complications through the tracking system. Since the portal is internet based, in hilly and far flanged areas, services are not updated regularly due to power failure and slow network connectivity. Also, sub-center is not well equipped with internet and computer facilities so to update the services. She must go to block level to enter the data, there is a time lag between services and update so real time monitoring and tracking sometimes not possible. It shows that there has been significant reduction of IMR and MMR in the country during the period MCTS. Because ANM has been reminded about the quantum of job to perform every week and monitored by higher authority through the portal. Also, TFR is also declining and reached replacement level of fertility in most parts of the country except a few states.

Biography:

Subash Sapkota has obtained his MSc Human Anatomy (Medical) from Kathmandu University in 2015. He has worked as a Lecturer in Kathmandu University and is currently working in Gandaki Medical College. He is continuously involved in animal experiment and has potential in research field.

Abstract:

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of pyrethrum based mosquito coil smoke on the biochemistry and histomorphology of the Wister albino rats. The experiment involved two groups of rats (experimental group and control group, n=10), weighing between 150 to 200 g. Before exposure to pyrethrum coil, blood samples were collected from the femoral vein. After that the experimental rats were exposed to the smoke of pyrethrum for a continuous duration 8 hours daily in 27 m³ (3´3´3) well ventilated room for 10 weeks. Thereafter, the blood samples were taken through cardiac puncture and comparison was made with those in the control group. Apart from that different organs were collected after intracardial perfusion technique under Ketamine (80 mg/kg) and Diazepam (2.5 mg/kg) using 10% phosphate buffer formalin. The smoke from the coils induce significant increase (p≤0.05) in the levels of WBC, RBC, Hb and significant decrease (p≤0.05) in platelets, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and total protein in biochemical study. The elevated levels of hepatic enzymes were found in the serum of the rats exposed to smoke. This indicated that the enzymes were released from the damaged tissues into the bloodstream. Similarly, smoke induced histopathological changes, including inflammation of the tracheal epithelium, congestion of lung parenchyma with foci of pneumonia. Likewise, dilatation of sinusoids, pericentral vein and periportal tract inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes were observed. In kidney patchy perivascular and interstitial inflammatory cells were seen whereas glomeruli and tubules appeared unremarkable. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to pyrethrum coil and mat can lead to deleterious effect on health affecting mainly pulmonary, liver and kidney functions apart from allergic reactions and risk of pyrethroid poisoning.

Biography:

Laju Maya Basnet is an Anatomist working as a Lecturer in Department of Anatomy, Nepal Medical College, Nepal since 2013. She has obtained her MSc Anatomy (Medical) from Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal in 2012. She has published 2 original research articles, 2 case reports and a practical anatomy book.

Abstract:

Objective: The present study was undertaken to know the anatomical basis of Medial Sural Artery (MSA) and its perforators.

Methods: The popliteal arteries of 16 preserved cadaveric lower limbs were injected with a mixture of red ink and glycerine. The number, location, diameter of perforators; length and intramuscular course of pedicle; the branching pattern of MSA were observed and measured.

Results: The mean of 2.2±1.2 perforators (range, 0 to 4) was observed. The perforators were clustered between 8.6 to 25.7 cm from the popliteal crease and 0.3 to 7.5 cm from posterior midline of leg. The dominant perforators were observed in middle 1/3^rd of the leg. The average pedicle length was 12.04±3.27 cm. The intramuscular courses of pedicles were observed in deep and superficial strata in 65.7% and 34.3% respectively. The MSA originated from popliteal artery in 62.5% and common sural artery in 37.5%. An accessory MSA was found in 12.5%. Type I and Type III branching pattern of MSA were observed in 31.2% each whereas Type II was found in 37.5%. The mean external diameter of perforators and MSA were 0.85±0.27 mm and 2.2±0.43 mm respectively.

Conclusion: The metrical presentation of this study provides an easy access to know about the distribution of perforators and branching pattern of MSA which will help the surgeons to make a convenient plan to harvest the MSA perforator flap in Nepalese population

Biography:

Russell Miller is a Motivated health development professional seeking new long-term opportunity in the Life Science and Healthcare industries in Japan. Experience in laboratory, biotech and science communication fields both in Japan and US. He completed his Master of International Health from The University of Tokyo

Abstract:

Background & Aim: The prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poor due to the difficulty of disease diagnosis and therapy. Immunotherapy has had robust performance against several malignancies, including PDAC. In this study, we aim to analyze the expression of CD8 and FoxP3 on T cell lymphocytes in tumor tissues and analyze the possible clinical significance of these findings in order to find a novel effective immunotherapy target in PDAC using a murine model.

Methods: A tissue microarray using patient PDAC and matched non-tumorous samples was stained and analyzed for associations with clinicopathological characteristics. A preclinical murine model administrated with various immunotherapies was analyzed with growth inhibitor, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay and immunohistochemistry.

Results: Infiltrating FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) levels in tumor tissues were associated with survival, while CD8+ infiltrating T cells (TILs) were not. Considering the drawbacks of these measures alone, the number of CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells were combined to create a new estimated value Integrated Immune Ratio (IIR), which showed excellent validity in survival risk stratification. IIR was further verified as an independent prognostic factor according to multivariate analysis. In our preclinical murine model, CD25 and TGF-β combination blockade had a higher tumor growth inhibitor value. This combination therapy significantly depleted periphery and intratumor FoxP3⁺ Tregs while increasing intratumor CD8⁺ T cell levels compared to controls or anti-TGF-β monotherapy (p<0.05). Anti-CD25 monotherapy alone also had the ability to deplete periphery and intratumor Tregs (p<0.05). Intratumor IL-10, TGF-β was notably lower associated with higher IFN-γ excretion in this combination immunotherapy. Such combination immunotherapy was further confirmed to synergize with anti-PD-1 monotherapy to improve tumor growth inhibition and Japan cure rates.

Conclusion: The combination of CD25, TGF-β and PD-1 blockade plays a potentially effective role in inhibiting tumor formation and progression. Our results also provide a strong rational for use of IIR in future immunotherapy clinical trials.

Biography:

Mirwais Amiri had completed 6 months Residence in Orthopedics at LRH Peshawar, Pakistan and then 1 year in Cardiology at PGMI HMC, Peshawar, Pakistan. He has later joined Afghan National Army Hospital (Late Sardar Mohammad Dawood Khan Hospital) in Medicine Department and then got opportunity to go to Escorts Heart Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, India where he successfully completed three years tenure and did Fellowship in Noninvasive Cardiology and then rejoined Cardiology Department of Late Sardar Mohammad Dawood Khan Hospital (Afghan National Army Hospital).

Abstract:

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of deaths in Afghanistan accounting for 19% of the total annual deaths (World Health Organization, Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Country Profiles, 2014). Cardiology at Amiri Medical Complex is developing as a key department, which has already treated a record number of cardiac patients in the history of Afghanistan in just three years of its establishment. The focus of the cardiology department is the delivery of top-quality and timely cardiac care to patients in the hospital setting that is critical to its success. Since April 2015, approximately 0.17M patients have visited the facility for treatment of which 0.1M (59%) has been treated for cardiac ailments. A total of 1,326 cardiovascular surgical procedures comprising of CABGs, valve replacements, corrective surgery for congenital heart disease and vascular surgeries have been done. Over 5,000 catheterization lab procedures comprising of diagnostic coronary and peripheral angiographies, right heart catheterization study, coronary angioplasties with stenting, ASD and PDA device closure, aortic and pulmonary valve balloon dilatation procedures have been done. The last one-year mortality rate for the cardiovascular surgical cases is 6.2% whereas for catheterization lab it is 0.47%. In short time, the Cardiology Department’s significant contribution to Afghanistan cardiac health with low mortality rate is a great breakthrough in the health history of Afghanistan.